|
|
| Ytterbium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,8,18,32,8,2 |
| Electron Configuration | [Xe] 4f13 6s2 |
| Ground state | 1S0 |
| Atomic Volume | 24.79 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 1.1 |
| Magnetic ordering | No data |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 5.9 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 1.02 x 10-9 |
| Speed of sound | 1590 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 180 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 9.2 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 159 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 26.74 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 38.5 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 26.3 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Brinell hardness | 343 MPa |
| Vickers hardness | 206 MPa |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 30.5 GPa |
| Poisson ratio | 0.207 |
| Shear modulus | 9.9 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 23.9 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 2.8 x 10-7 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 2.152 g Ah-1 |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 50.3 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
6.254 |
| Second
|
12.188 |
| Third
|
25.03 |
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
52.3889 KeV |
| Kα2 (intensity 50) |
51.354 KeV |
| Kβ1 (intensity 24.5) |
59.37 KeV |
| Kβ2 (intensity 9.3) |
60.6059 KeV |
| Kβ3 (intensity 9.7) |
59.2294 KeV |
| Lα1 (intensity 100) |
7.4156 KeV |
| Lα2 (intensity 10) |
7.3673 KeV |
| Lβ1 (intensity 41) |
8.4018 KeV |
| Lβ2 (intensity 17) |
8.7588 KeV |
| Lβ3 (intensity 6.7) |
8.5337 KeV |
| Lβ4 (intensity 4) |
8.3106 KeV |
| Lγ1 (intensity 5.5) |
9.7801 KeV |
| Lγ2 (intensity 2) |
10.0933 KeV |
| Lγ3 (intensity 2) |
7.578 KeV |
| Ll (intensity 5.5) |
6.5427 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
175 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
222 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
No data. |
| Van der Waals
|
No data. |
| Triple covalent
|
No data. |
| Metallic
|
193.3 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 2 | VI | 1.16 | 1.02 | |
| VII | 1.22 | 1.08 | E | |
| VIII | 1.28 | 1.14 | ||
| 3 | VI | 1.008 | 0.868 | R* |
| VII | 1.065 | 0.925 | E | |
| VIII | 1.125 | 0.985 | R | |
| IX | 1.182 | 1.042 | R | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Yb+2, Yb+3 |
| Other
|
|
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
603.4 |
| M+ - M2+ |
1176 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
2415 |
| M3+ - M4+ |
4220 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 736 | 813 | 910 | 1047 | (1266) | (1465) |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Cubic close packed |
 |
a = 548.47 pm |
| b = 548.47 pm | |
| c = 548.47 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |